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设置azure ubuntu root用户公钥登录方法

如果你使用的是微软的Azure Ubuntu,你可能会发现默认的普通用户azureuser有一些限制,比如在SSH设置Server2Client(S2C)端口映射时,无法使用1024以下的端口号。这时,你可能想要使用root用户来获得更高的权限和灵活性。但是,Azure Ubuntu并不直接支持root用户的登录,你需要进行一些配置才能实现。本文将介绍如何在Azure Ubuntu上启用并配置root用户的SSH登录,以及如何使用root用户的SSH公钥登录方式。

启用root用户的密码登录

首先,我们需要为root用户设置一个密码,然后修改一些配置文件,以允许root用户的密码登录。具体的步骤如下:

  • 以普通用户azureuser登录系统,打开终端,输入以下命令,为root用户设置一个密码:
sudo passwd root
  • 输入你的azureuser的密码,然后输入你想要设置的root密码,再次确认。
  • 输入以下命令,编辑SSH的配置文件:
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
  • 找到以下参数,将其改为yes:
PermitRootLogin yes
  • 保存并退出SSH的配置文件,重启SSH服务:
sudo service sshd restart
  • 现在,原则上就可以使用root密码来登录root用户了。你可以使用以下命令:
ssh root@your_server_ip

配置root用户的SSH公钥登录

然而,出于安全考虑,Azure Ubuntu禁止密码登录,只能采用public key登录。这意味着你需要生成一对SSH的密钥,然后将公钥上传到服务器,才能使用私钥来登录。这样做的好处是,你不需要记住或输入密码,也不需要担心密码被破解或泄露。方法如下:

  • SSH客户端中产生一个新的密码对key pair,例如 Bitvise SSH Client -->Client Key Manager–>Generate New。
  • 新产生的密码对 key pair导出其Public Key文件,选择OpenSSH Format,例如为a.pub
  • 把这个文件上传到ubuntu中,例如 /home/azueruser/a.pub
  • 以普通用户azureuser登录系统,打开终端,输入以下命令,提权到root:
sudo -i
  • 将公钥文件a.pub复制到/root/.ssh/目录中,并重命名为authorized_keys。可以使用以下命令:
cp /home/azureuser/a.pub /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
  • 编辑SSH的配置文件,命令 nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config,确保以下参数是开启的(没有#号):
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
  • 如果想禁用root用户的密码登录,可以将以下参数改为no:
PasswordAuthentication no
  • 保存SSH的配置文件,并重启SSH服务。可以使用以下命令:
service sshd restart
  • 现在,就可以使用私钥文件(id_rsa)来登录root用户了。你可以使用以下命令:
ssh -i id_rsa root@your_server_ip

使用root用户的端口映射

root用户登录后,也就可以使用1024以下的端口号了。你可以根据你的需要,设置你想要的端口映射,例如:

ssh -i id_rsa -L 80:localhost:80 root@your_server_ip

这样,你就可以在本地浏览器中访问服务器上的80端口了。

总结

本文介绍了如何在Azure Ubuntu上启用并配置root用户的SSH登录,以及如何使用root用户的SSH公钥登录方式。这样,你就可以获得更高的权限和灵活性,以满足你的需求。当然,使用root用户也要注意安全和责任,不要随意修改或删除重要的文件或设置,以免造成不必要的麻烦。


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